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Paul Émile de Puydt (6 March 1810 – 20 May 1891), a writer whose contributions included work in botany and economics, was born and died in Mons, Belgium. His father name was Jean Ambroise de Puydt (1758–1836), who was governor of the Province Hainaut in the early days of Belgium from 1830 till 1834. In the first marriage of his father there were 6 children. The famous Remi de Puydt came from this first marriage. He is a half brother of Paul Emile de Puydt. Remi de Puydtwas a civil engineer, a politician (representative) and served in the Belgian army as colonel.〔http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remi_De_Puydt and http://www.unionisme.be/De_Puydt.htm〕 Paul-Emile was the second child of four children out of the second marriage of his father Jean Ambroise de PUYDT (1758–1836), who married in 1799 with Marie Adélaïde Jeanne MICHOT (ca 1777–1858).〔J-F. de Montigny, Tijschrift van de Antwerpse kring voor familiekunde, Jaargang IX, 1954, p100-115〕 As a botanist, Paul Émile de Puydt notably wrote on orchids.〔(Les Orchidées ), P.E. de Puydt〕 The standard botanical author abbreviation De Puydt is applied to species he described. After his study, he turned to journalism and worked as an editor of "L'Obsevateur du Hainaut". Together with Henri-Florent Delmotte and Hippolyte Rousselle, he wrote in 1831, the year where the current Belgium became separated from the northern Netherlands the theatre piece "Le candidat à la royauté: esquisse en trois tableaux mêlés de couplets". This piece was played in Mons in 1831. He then participated in the government, and he was also director of the Mont-de-piété (Mount of piety) of Mons.〔J-F. de Montigny, Tijschrift van de Antwerpse kring voor familiekunde, Jaargang IX, 1954, p100-115〕 In his free time he was interested in botany, and he developed a pronounced interest in orchids. Since 1831 he was secretary of the founded societé d'horticulture de Mons. In 1833 he worked on the foundation of the Societé de arts et des lettres du Hainaut, where he was vice-president and from 1865 president. As a political economist, he is known as inventor of the concept of people having the freedom to choose which government to join, and governments having to compete for citizens. He has given the name panarchy to this concept. His paper "PANARCHIE",〔P. E. de Puydt, (Panarchy )〕 was first published in French in the Revue Trimestrielle, in Brussels, July 1860. Panarchie and its author Paul Emile de Puydt was only recently rediscovered〔Gian Piero de Bellis, (Discovering de Puydt )〕 The notion of competitive government, but then limited to defence, can also be found in the writings of the Belgian economist Gustave de Molinari from 1849, eleven years before de Puydt.〔Gustave de Molinari, (On the Production of Security )〕 David Hart of the Department of History of Stanford University suggests that Paul-Emile de Puydt might have been influenced by the works of his fellow countryman Gustave de Molinari.〔David M. Hart, (Gustave de Molinari and the Anti-statist Liberal Tradition Part III, Journal of Libertarian Studies, Vol VI, no 1, pages 86 to 88 )〕 His work as a botanist is highly respected. Some of his books and novels had several editions. ==Life== Paul-Emile de Puydt married in 1841 with Fanie Catherine Cousin (1819–1905). They had two children Julien-Vincent-Emile de Puydt (1842–1921) and Philippine-Therese-Marie de Puydt (1843–1892).〔J-F. de Montigny, Tijschrift van de Antwerpse kring voor familiekunde, Jaargang IX, 1954, p100-115〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paul Émile de Puydt」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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